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Mosquito

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Dreadful diseases caused by mosquitoes

Mosquitoes are a huge problem across the globe, causing millions of deaths annually. In Singapore, mosquito bites are extremely irritating, as anyone who has been attacked during the hot and wet summer months can attest to.

 

Dengue

Dengue is a viral infection transmitted to humans through the bite of infected mosquitoes, mostly through the bite of an infected Aedes species mosquito. About 4 million people, live in areas with a risk of dengue. Dengue is often a leading cause of illness in areas with risk.

Dengue fever & Dengue Haemorrhagic fever

  • Dengue Fever and Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (a more severe form) are mosquito-borne viral disease.
  • Caused by infection with dengue virus transmitted by Aedes
  • The virus is passed on to humans through the bites of an infective female mosquito, which mainly acquires the virus while feeding on the blood of an infected person.
  • Four (04) serotypes virus (DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3, and DEN-4).
  • Each episode of infection is known to induce a life-long protective immunity to the homologous serotype but confers only partial protection against subsequent infection by other serotype thus one is still susceptible to repeated dengue infections with each more dangerous than the previous infection

 

Symptoms & Treatments

Symptoms of Dengue

  • Symptoms of having Dengue Fever: fever, swollen glands, red rash, nausea, vomiting, severe headache, pain behind the eyes, and intensively painful joints and muscle.
  • Symptoms of having Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever: bleeding from nose, gums, and mouth, difficulty in breathing, excessive thirst, rapid and weak pulse, pale, cold, and clammy skin, skin bruising, severe stomach pains, frequent vomiting, dizziness, insomnia, and restlessness.
  • Symptoms appear 2 to 7 days after the infective bite.

Treatments of Dengue

  • There is no specific medicine to treat dengue
  • Seek medical advice for any suspected dengue symptoms
  • Drink plenty of water to stay hydrated
  • Rest as much as possible

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Common types of Mosquitoes

  • Aedes mosquito - Adult females bite primarily during the day and peak after sunrise and before sunset. Biting activity usually occurs outdoors. They have a short flight range, 50–100 m and prefer darker colours of black and red. They normally rest outdoors.
  • Culex mosquito - Adult females bite throughout the night. They are long distance fliers and prefer darker colours. They normally rest indoors before and after blood meals, but sometimes can also be found resting outdoors.
  • Anopheles mosquito - Adult females mate, bite, and oviposit at night. They rest indoors or outdoors before and after blood meals, depending on the species.

Chikungunya

  • Caused by infection with Alphavirus transmitted by the Aedes
  • The virus are passed on to humans through the bites of an infective female mosquito, which mainly acquires the virus while feeding on the blood of an infected person. 
  • Causes fever and severe joint paint, muscle pain, headache, nausea, fatigue, and red rash.
  • Symptoms appear 2 to 12 days after the infective bite.
  • No vaccine or drugs for chikungunya fever. Treatment is focused on relieving the symptoms.
  • The proximity of mosquito breeding sites to human habitation is a significant risk factor for Chikungunya.

Zika

  • Caused by infection with a Zika virus transmitted by the Aedes
  • The virus are passed on to humans through the bites of an infective female mosquito, which mainly acquires the virus while feeding on the blood of an infected person. 
  • Sexual transmission of Zika virus is possible, while blood transfusion as a mode of transmission is being investigated.
  • Causes mild fever, skin rash, conjunctivitis, muscle and joint pain, malaise or headache. These symptoms usually last for 2 to 7 days.
  • The incubation period (the time from exposure to symptoms) of Zika virus disease is not clear, but it is likely to be a few days.
  • There is scientific consensus that Zika virus is a cause of microcephaly and Guillain-Barre syndrome. Links to other neurological complications are also being investigated.

 

 

Prevent Mosquito Bites

Wear long-sleeved shirts and long pants, spray repellent if you are going outside.

Use EPA-registered insect repellent with active ingredients such as DEET, Picaridin, IR3535, Oil of Lemon eucalyptus, Para-menthane-diol, 2-undecanone. When used as directed, EPA-registered insect repellents are proven safe and effective to prevent mosquito bites.

 

 

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Mosquito Control

 

What can we do?

Mosquito breeding can be minimized by practicing good and regular housekeeping such as filling up ground depressions, disposing discarded containers properly, and clearing choked drains and roof gutters regularly.

Source reduction, or the removal of mosquito breeding and breeding habitats, is the key to bringing down the mosquito population and dengue cases.

Get rid of mosquitoes with Pest-Pro wide range of professional mosquito control services.

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